Closed die forging is a forming process that uses specialized tools called dies to shape metal into the desired form. This technique has many advantages over other metal forming methods, including increased strength and precision of the finished product. Thus, it is widely utilized in the automotive, aerospace, and energy industries.
Depending on the component's complexity, the forging process may involve multiple phases. The metal is subjected to high pressure at each stage to form a particular shape while repeatedly altering the grain flow and microstructure. As a result, the final product has enhanced mechanical properties and increased strength compared to the original material.
Closed die forging is highly specialized, requiring a deep understanding of the material and the ability to control multiple variables to achieve the desired results. Here are four of the most important factors you need to consider:
Material
The metal used for forging must have the right strength, toughness, and ductility to withstand the high compressive forces of the process. Some examples of metal for closed die forging are as follows:- Aluminum: This is a versatile material well-suited for closed die forging, providing a balance of strength, weight, and durability. However, it has a low yield strength, so the forging process must be carefully controlled to ensure it is not overstressed.
- Carbon Steel: While more prone to corrosion and may be brittle at low temperatures, carbon steel has good forgeability. It is also relatively cheap and can be heat-treated to enhance its strength and hardness.
- Alloy Steel: This is often forged to produce components for high-stress applications like gears, crankshafts, and axles. It also offers high strength and improved resistance to wear and corrosion.
- Copper Alloy: Its high conductivity makes it ideal for forging electrical components, such as connectors and terminals. It also has exceptional strength and durability for high-stress applications.
- Titanium: Due to its low melting point, titanium is suitable for producing complex, highly precise shapes. However, it is significantly more expensive than other metals.